Adrafinil is a synthetic nootropic that has a very similar chemical structure as Modafinil. In fact, Modafinil is a metabolite of Adrafinil, which means that when Adrafinil is used it is metabolized to Modafinil in the liver. Because of the chemical structure similarities, their functional effects are also very similar. They both belong to a category of agents known as “eugeroics”.
Adrafinil was created in France by Louis Lafon Laboratories to treat narcolepsy (i.e., excessive daytime sleepiness) and other sleep issues. Adrafinil is the central nervous system stimulant that specifically targets the chemical processes within the brain, thereby improving mental focus and increasing alertness. Adrafinil users have reported the ability to stay focused for extended periods of time.
Adrafinil belongs to a class of compounds known as alpha-adrenergic agonists. Similar to Modafinil, Adrafinil is known for its effects on alpha 1-adrenergic receptors of the central nervous system. A stimulation of these receptors by Adrafinil results in a psychostimulant effect, which increases alertness and reduces the need of sleep. These receptors are the same receptors that are stimulated by the adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Adrafinil also increases the cerebral metabolism, namely the delivery and uptake of glucose. Given that glucose is the main fuel source in the brain, this improves overall productivity and a number of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory.
A large human study with a sample of 304 patients with attention, concentration, memory, and/or depression problems demonstrated improvements in those areas after taking Adrafinil. In a similar study done on 86 patients results were very similar. Many animal studies have shown the same positive effects on learning, locomotor activity and the willingness to move.
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Recommended Adrafinil dosage:
The recommended daily dosage of Adrafinil is between 150 – 300 mg. However, dosages used to treat narcolepsy are as high as 600 – 1200 mg. Due to its anti-sleep effects, Adrafinil should not be taken in the afternoon or evening. It should not be taken more than 3 times a week, for longer than 5 months.
Side Effects:
Mild side effects associated with Adrafinil use are: dizziness, dry mouth, headaches, stomach discomfort and nausea. An exact effect on the liver function is still unknown. As Adrafinil directly affects liver enzymes, which may be potentially unsafe, it should not be taken more than 3 times a week. Also, long-term usage of it is not advised. Do not use Adrafinil if you suffer from any of the following: severe renal disorders, heart disease, liver disease/dysfunction and/or epilepsy.
Because Adrafinil does not stimulate dopamine systems, it is less addictive in comparison to other stimulants, such as amphetamines. However, Adrafinil is on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s list of banned substances as a nonspecific stimulant compound.
Summary:
Adrafinil is a prodrug to Modafinil. It is best known for its ability to increase alertness and promote wakefulness. Some other effects, such as increased energy levels and a better focus, are also associated with its use.